William ennis



W. ENNIS.

Hot-Air Furnace.

No. 9,633. Patented March 29.1853.

5 and consequently UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM ENNIS, OF NEYV YORK, N. Y.

HOT-AIR FURNACE.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 9,633, dated March 29, 1853.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, WVILLIAM ENNIS, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Heating Apparatuses, which I denominate Enniss Atmospheric Reversing-Draft; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1, is a vertical longitudinal section of a furnace constructed after my plan and having my invention applied. Fig. 2, is a vertical transverse section of the radiator or drum and inverted cone. Fig. 3 is a View of the inverted cone detached from the furnace.

The same letters of reference in each of the several figures indicate corresponding parts.

The nature of my invention consists in the employment of an inverted hollow cone placed in a cylinder or radiating drum which communicates with the ash pit and is connected with the fire chamber in any suitable, and convenient way, the said hollow inverted cone having its small or tape-r end inserted into and through the side of the radiating drum for the purpose of admitting a current of cold air into the said drum, which current is designed to operate upon the direct and heated draft from the fire chamber and 000-1 it before it reaches the exit pipe, and consequently cause the gas which rises from the fire with the smoke to descend or fall down, on the outside of the cone, and pass into and along the passage in the ash pit, along which it is forced by the draft from the cone, and drawn by the direct draft from the back part of the ash pit until it reaches the fire, where it is again brought in contact with the fire and burned. Thus it will be seen that by forming a continuous passage around the inner portion of the heating apparatus the gases which are usually lost in passing out directly from the fire to the exit pipe are saved, as the atmospheric reversing current passes up through the cone comes in contact with the heated current or draft from the fire and commingles with it and thereby reduces the temperature of the direct heated current or draft from the fire causes gases of the mingled currents to pass down outside the cone along to the fire in the most effectual manner.

A, represents the cone placed in a drum or radiator B. This cone has its taper end C inserted through the side of the radiator B, in the manner shown in the drawing, and its large end extending up nearly to the top of the said drum. The peculiar shape of this inverted cone and the manner in which its mouth or small tapering end communicates with the surrounding atmosphere, on the outside of the drum, admits of a very rapid and efiect-ual draft being obtained, to operate upon the heated current from the fire, for it will be seen that the current of cold air after entering the mouth of the cone gradually expands as it rises toward the top of the drum, on account of the shape of the cone, and that consequently the reversing power of the said draft is verygreat and the descending of a current through the cone into the room or apartment is impossible, as the resistance is increased by the heated current, it serving to draw up the cold draft through the cone instead of forcing it downward, and also as the currents commingle the heated one will become,

cooled before coming directly over the top of the cone, and the gas contained in the same, consequently, caused to fall down the sides of the cone and pass along the ash pit to the fire. By the employment of this cone the heated current from the fire is thrown more readily in contact with the heating surface of the cylinder or drum and consequently radiates much more freely and powerful than what it does when no cone is used, for by placing an inverted cone A, in a cylinder or drum the space around the cone is made gradually to taper and become smaller near the direct passage J, and near the top of the drum, and consequently the direct treated draft as it ascends (which it will do until met by the cold draft) will be thrown more readily and quickly in contact with the surrounding surface of the radiator and thereby cause the heat to radiate much quicker and freely. It is the gradually enlarging cone and gradually diminishing or tapering chamber (caused by the shape of the cone) that effects the above object.

D, is the ash pit having a passage E, communicating with the fire chamber and radiator or drum B. This passage E, has an opening at its back through which the air or direct draft to the fire is admitted and passes along a pipe or passage E. This passage E, prevents the direct draft from operating upon the descending current or gas or the ascent of the direct draft through the radiator before it passes to the fire.

G is a guard, placed over the top of the pipe E, and forming a partition to prevent the direct current to the fire from passing back to the radiator and operating upon the descending gas. This guard might be dispensed with if the passage E was made to geact to and communicate directly with the H is the grate of the fire chamber, and I, is the fire chamber.

J is the pipe which connects the fire chamber with the radiator or drum. This pipe should be placed near the center of the drum B, so that the heated current from the fire chamber may be made to rise some distance before coming directly over the top of the cone, thereby causing the said currentto be cooled and to fall down the sides of the cone instead of through the cone, the reversing current coming up through the cone effectually preventing any gas descending through it into the room.

The draft of the fire can be regulated by means of the sliding collar K, also by closing up the direct draft and opening the mouth of cone.

The red arrows 1, 2 and 3 indicate the direction of the gas after it is cooled, and the black arrows show the direction or course of the current after it enters the mouth of the cone, the dotted arrows showing the course of the smoke from the fire chamber to the radiator, in which it commingles with the atmospheric current indicated by black arrows and is stripped of its heaviest particles of gas before it reaches the eXit flue.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The employment of an inverted cone A, within a drum or cylinder B, in whose side the taper end of said cone is inserted and allowed to communicate with the atmosphere on the outside of the said drum, for the purpose of admitting or supplying an atmospheric reversing draft to cool the direct heated current from the fire, the said cylinder B communicating with the fire chamber I, and ash pit D, in the manner and for the purpose substantially as herein described.

WILLIAM ENNIS. Witnesses:

CHARLES E. AnAMs, ABRAM SLATER. 

